<p>Fladda-chùain, or Fladaigh Chùain, is an island of the Inner Hebrides north of the Trotternish peninsula of Skye. It is the major island of the Fladda-chùain group between Skye and the Outer Hebrides.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name of the island derives from Old Norse Flatey, meaning a "flat island", and Cuan, a Scottish Gaelic word meaning "ocean" (or bay in Irish and Old Gaelic). The latter probably refers to the Minch, which is known as An Cuan Sgìth ("Ocean of Skye") or Cuan na Hearadh ("Ocean of Harris"). The suffix is also added to distinguish this island from the many others with similar names.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fladda-chùain is the subject of some legends.</p><br>
<p>There are the ruins of a chapel here, said to have been founded by one "O&#39; Gorgon" in the days of St. Columba, and/or dedicated to him. It is said also that MacDonald of the Isles hid his deeds here prior to the Jacobite rising of 1715.</p><br>
<p>The last known inhabitant was known as "Am Muileach Mòr", which means either "the Big Mullman", or the "man of the headland".</p><br>
<p>In 2002 the nuclear submarine HMS Trafalgar grounded on Fladda-chùain whilst travelling at 14.7 kn during a traverse of the Fladda-chùain-Eilean Trodday trough, resulting in some damage to the submarine and three minor injuries to the crew. After the grounding the submarine re-surfaced and proceeded to the Faslane base by surface transit. The main cause of the accident was reported as being the use of tracing paper to cover the navigational chart to protect it from being written on, so obscuring vital information. Damage to the hull cost an estimated £5 million to repair.</p><br>
<p>The Moses Fowler House is located at the corner of 10th and South Streets in Lafayette, Indiana. The Fowler house is considered the finest example of a large Gothic Revival residence still standing in Indiana. The house was built by Moses Fowler over the period of 1850-1852. Fowler came to Lafayette in 1839 and engaged in a number of business pursuits which made him very wealthy. At his death in 1889, Fowler had accumulated a fortune of several million dollars. Moses Fowler and his wife Eliza were donors to various community interests including Purdue University. Eliza Fowler Hall  at Purdue University was named in honor of Eliza Fowler.</p><br>
<p>Wilbur Peat describes the Fowler House as follows: "It has a large bay window on the central projection and an oriel window to the left of it. Dormers break the line of the eaves, and a chimney, designed after English medieval models, rises from the ridge of the roof. The woodwork both inside and out is skillfully carved in keeping with original Gothic inspirations."</p><br>
<p>The Moses Fowler House had been the home of the Tippecanoe County Historical Society since 1940. The house was sold in 2015, and the new owners plan to restore it and open it for tours and rentals.</p><br>
<p>Ukerewe is the largest island in Lake Victoria and the largest inland island in Africa, with an area of approximately 530 km². Ukerewe Island is situated in the Ukerewe District of Tanzania, 45 km  north of Mwanza to which it is linked by ferry, but a shorter vehicle ferry crossing of only 3.8 km also links the island across the Rugezi Channel to a dirt road on the eastern lake shore, which runs to Kibara and Musoma. The shoreline of Ukerewe Island is carved into numerous bays and it is surrounded by at least a dozen smaller islands. Its largest community is Nansio.</p><br>
<p>Ukerewe is known for having a large population of Africans with albinism. Many of the first of them to live there were taken to and abandoned on the island by their families as children. Despite comprising an exceptionally high percentage of the island&#39;s population, they are still, as throughout Tanzania, an oppressed minority although on Ukerewe safer than elsewhere in Africa.</p><br>
<p>Ukerewe Felder.jpgCoastal land, Ukerewe island, Tanzania</p><br>
<p>Ukerewe Sorghum.jpgSorghum field, Ukerewe island, Tanzania</p><br>
<p>Ukerewe-Mwanza Ferry.jpgUkerewe Island-Mwanza Ferry leaving the port of Nansio</p><br>
<p>Kundol Lake also known as Kundol Dand, is a lake in Swat Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, which is located in the north of Utror valley at a distance of 19 km away from kalam. Similarly, there is a well known story about the lake which is that every night in a month, a golden bowl appears in the center of the lake and glistens like moon but no one has ever touched that bowl due to magical powers inside it.</p><br>
<h2>Location & Trail to the lake</h2><br>
<p>Kundol Lake lies in the lap of Hindu kush mountains at an elevation of (9,950 ft), in the north of Utror, encompassed by snow clad mountains and towering trees. Similarly, the trail to the lake from Ladu is easy to follow as a large stream flows down from the lake, which merges with River Swat in Kalam valley. It leads beside the stream and takes you to the lake. On the way, lush green forests, picturesque spots and gushing waterfalls welcome one&#39;s to the region. The mountains around the lake are covered by thick blanket of vegetation that enhances the beauty of the lake very much. The margins of kundol lake serve as the camping site during the summer season for the trekkers.</p><br>
<p>Kundol lake is fed by melting glaciers and springs of the Mount Hindu kush. It gives rise to utror Khwar, the major right tributary of the Swat River.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Kundol Lake is accessible only during the summer; during the winter, the roads are closed due to heavy snowfall. It can be accessed by unmetalled road from Kalam up to Utror in a four-wheel automotive where a link road ends in a green valley called Ladu in the foothills of the mountain. Earlier, jeeps used to go till a higher village called Ladu but now bridge and jeep track is destroyed due to floods and rains so total trek time has increased from 3-4 hrs to 6-8 hrs till the lake. There are also small refreshment huts in Ladu valley where one can take tea and get something for eating. From Ladu it takes almost four to six hours to reach the lake. The mountains around this small valley are covered with tall cedar and pine trees.</p><br>
<p>Macys Herald Square  is the flagship of the Macys department store chain; it is located on Herald Square in Manhattan, New York City. The buildings 2.2 million square feet  makes it one of the worlds largest department stores., the store has stood at the site for 115 years.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Macys was founded by Rowland Hussey Macy, who between 1843 and 1855 opened four retail dry goods stores, including the original Macys store in downtown Haverhill, Massachusetts, established in 1851 to serve the mill industry employees of the area. They all failed, but he learned from his mistakes. He moved to New York City in 1858 and established a new store named "R.H Macy Dry Goods" at Sixth Avenue on the corner of 14th Street. On the companys first day of business on October 28, 1858, sales totaled $11.08, equivalent to $ today. From the very beginning, Macys logo has included a star in one form or another, echoing a red star-shaped tattoo that Macy got as a teenager when he worked on a Nantucket whaling ship.</p><br>
<p>As the business grew, Macys expanded into neighboring buildings, opening more department stores, and used publicity devices such as a store Santa Claus, themed exhibits, and illuminated window displays to draw in customers. The store later moved to 18th Street and Broadway, on the "Ladies Mile", the elite shopping district of the time, where it remained for nearly forty years.</p><br>
<p>In 1875, Macy took on two partners, Robert M. Valentine (1850–1879), a nephew; and Abiel T. La Forge (1842–1878) of Wisconsin, who was the husband of a cousin. Macy died just two years later in 1877 from Brights disease, The following year La Forge died and Valentine died in 1879. Ownership of the company was passed down through the Macy family until 1895, when the company, now called "R. H. Macy & Co.", was acquired by Isidor Straus and his brother Nathan Straus, who had previously held a license to sell china and other goods in the Macys store.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, the flagship store moved uptown to Herald Square at 34th Street and Broadway, so far north of the other main dry goods emporia that it had to offer a steam wagonette to transport customers from 14th Street to 34th Street. Although the Herald Square store initially consisted of just one building, it expanded through new construction, eventually occupying almost the entire block bounded by Seventh Avenue on the west, Broadway on the east, 34th Street on the south and 35th Street on the north, with the exception of a small pre-existing building on the corner of 35th Street and Seventh Avenue and another on the corner of 34th Street and Broadway. Robert H. Smith purchased this latter 5-story building in 1900 for $375,000 &ndash; an incredible sum at the time &ndash; with the idea of getting in the way of Macys becoming the largest store in the world: it is largely supposed that Smith, who was a neighbor of the Macys store on 14th Street, was acting on behalf of Siegel-Cooper, which had built what they thought was the worlds largest store on Sixth Avenue in 1896. Macys ignored the tactic, and simply built around the building, which now carries Macy&#39;s "shopping bag" sign by lease arrangement. That building earned the name Million Dollar Corner when it was finally sold for a then record $1,000,000 on December 6, 1911.</p><br>
<p>The original Broadway store, designed by architects De Lemos & Cordes and built in 1901–02 by the Fuller Company. It has a Palladian facade, but has been updated in many details. Other additions to the west were completed in 1924 and 1928, and the Seventh Avenue building in 1931, all designed by architect Robert D. Kohn, the newer buildings becoming increasingly Art Deco in style. The store boasts several wooden escalators still in operation.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, Macy’s began the first full renovation of the iconic Herald Square flagship store at a reported cost of $400 million. Studio V Architecture, a New York-based firm, was the overall master plan architect of the project. The firm&#39;s design raised controversy over the nature of contemporary design and authentic restoration.</p><br>
<p>The renovations completed in November 2015 but continues to modify the store to suit changing customer tastes and maximize return on the real estate. Also in 2016, the company explored adding one or two towers to the building to house hotel or office space, in 2017 it considered turning the structure&#39;s roof into a park.</p><br>
<p>In August 2014, Macy&#39;s agreed to a $650,000 penalty proposed by the New York Attorney General to settle a number of claims of racial profiling and false detention involving nearly two dozen African-American, Latino and other customers at the Herald Square store, who had lodged complaints in February 2013. As part of the deal, the retail group agreed to introduce policies to ensure all customers were treated equally regardless of race or ethnicity.</p><br>
<h2>Christmas and Holiday window displays</h2><br>
<p>Every year, Macy&#39;s is noted for its elaborate animated holiday and Christmas window displays in many locations across the USA, but most notably at the Herald Square location. Each year presents a different theme shown in six windows on the Broadway side of the building. Each window includes animated displays with complex scenery, attracting thousands of people to view them. The windows are currently designed, fabricated and animated by Standard Transmission Productions, located in Red Hook, Brooklyn.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, Macys launched a curated public art exhibition at the Herald Square flagship using its windows as a means to display pieces from several fashion designers including Misaki Kawai, Anna Sui and John F. Simon Jr. The exhibit was titled Art Under Glass and was viewable to the public during the summer of 2007 through that years fashion week.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>Macy&#39;s Thanksgiving Day Parade (1928–present)</p><br>
<p>Broadway Side (1928–2008)</p><br>
<p>34th Street Side (2009–present)</p><br>
<p>Macy&#39;s Santa Land</p><br>
<p>Macy&#39;s Flower Show</p><br>
<p>Macy&#39;s Believe campaign</p><br>
<p>Ptelea  is a village in the northern part of the Evros regional unit, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Trigono. In 2011 its population was 441. It is located on the right bank of the river Evros, where it forms the border with Bulgaria. It is bypassed by the Greek National Road 51/E85 . The town was formerly known as Karagatsoudi  and El-Karakas , its Turkish name was Karaagaç.</p><br>
<p>The nearest villages are Dikaia to its east, and Ormenio to its northwest.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ptelea was founded in 1924 by refugees from Eastern Thrace. In 1997 under the Capodistrian Plan, the community of Ptelea became part of the new municipality of Trigono with 12 other former communities. At the Kallikratis reform, it became part of the municipality of Orestiada.</p><br>
<p>The Izvestiy TSIK Islands or Izvesti Tsik Islands , also known as Izvestia Islands, is an island group in the Kara Sea, Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The archipelago includes two large and two small islands covered with tundra vegetation, shingle and ice. It is located in the Kara Sea, about 150 km from the coast of Siberia and just 45 km north of the nearest island group, the Arkticheskiy Institut Islands.</p><br>
<p>The largest island is Troynoy with a length of 27 km.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding the Izvesti Tsik Islands is covered with pack ice in the winter and there are numerous ice floes even in the summer. The strait between Pologyy-Sergeyeva and Gavrilina Island is known as Proliv Belukha. The wholly submerged Sadko Shoal (Банка Садко;Banka Sadko) is located roughly 30 km to the NE of Tupoy Point, Troynoy Island&#39;s easternmost headland.</p><br>
<p>This island group belongs to the Krasnoyarsk Krai administrative division of Russia and is part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<p>The islands are a breeding ground for migratory birds during the brief summer season.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>These islands were named after Izvestiya Tsentralnogo Ispolnitelnogo Komiteta, which was the full title of the newspaper Izvestia. A topographic survey of the islands was conducted in 1939.</p><br>
<p>There is a scientific station (Polyarnaya Stantsiya) on Troynoy Island that was founded in 1953. In September 2016 the weather station was encircled by about 10 adult polar bears as well as cubs, making it dangerous for scientists to exit. A nearby ship was able to deliver dogs and flares to the island, allowing the scientists, who had been trapped for two weeks, to scare off the bears.</p><br>
<p>The Meehambee Dolmen is a megalithic portal tomb dating from about 3500 BC located in County Roscommon, Ireland.</p><br>
<p>It has been discovered by two local children, Chrissie and Peadar Killian, in the 1960s who have unearthed two stone axes.</p><br>
<p>Originally supported on 6 upright portals, 2.3 metres high. The capstone is estimated to weigh twenty-four tonnes. The portal stone supporting the back of the capstone has collapsed, allowing the capstone to slide backwards out of position, causing the doorstone to collapse also. The capstone now rests at a 45-degree angle</p><br>
<p>It is thought that these tombs, of which over 1,200 have been identified in Ireland were either the burial place of a single important king or chieftain or perhaps the tombs of several members of a tribe who inhabited the area in the Neolithic era.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>It is located in County Roscommon, a few hundred meters from the M6. It is accessed by a bridle path off a local road from the R362 regional road in the village of Bellanamullia on the western outskirts of Athlone.</p><br>
<p>Meehambee Dolmen 29-10-2015 2.JPGMeehambee Dolmen</p><br>
<p>Boyden Cavern is show cave in the located in Giant Sequoia National Monument, along the Kings Canyon Scenic Byway in Fresno County, California. It is just west of Kings Canyon National Park. It is currently closed owing to forest fire damage incurred in the area in August 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Cavern</h2><br>
<p>The cave is a solutional cave formed in Mesozoic marble (metamorphosed limestone). It is a cave with many varieties of natural speleothems, including rare "shield" formations. Boyden Cave or Boyden Cavern is located in the deepest river cut canyon of the United States, the 8,200 ft deep Kings Canyon. The cave entrance lies beneath the 2,000 ft high marble walls of the famous Portals of the Kings, near the Kings River.</p><br>
<h2>Tours</h2><br>
<p>Regular tours of the cave are given by a licensed guide company from the last Friday in April to mid November. The tour includes the Pancake Room, a stalactite group called the Upside Down City, and a flowstone formation called Mother Nature&#39;s Wedding Cake. In the Bat Grotto bats spend summer days sleeping. The Drapery Room contains curtains, soda straws and helictites. The tour ends at a small subterranean stream. 0.63 mi of the cave have been mapped.</p><br>
<p>Numfor  is one of the Schouten Islands  in Papua province, Western New Guinea, northeastern Indonesia.</p><br>
<p>It was the site of conflict between Japanese and the Allied forces during World War II, and was major airbase for both sides.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is located on the northern side of large Cenderawasih Bay (formerly Geelvink Bay) of New Guinea island. Approximately oval shaped, it has an area of 335 km&sup2;. It is mostly surrounded by coral reefs, with the exception of some points on the southeastern coast. Also found on the southeastern coast are low, steep cliffs. Most of the interior is composed of forest.</p><br>
<p>The island is jurisdictionally within the Biak Numfor Regency of Papua province. It has a population of 9,336 people in 2010 census covering 5 districts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first sighting by Europeans was by the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Saavedra on 24 June 1528 when he was trying to return from Tidore to New Spain. Another sighting was later reported in 1545 by Spanish navigator Íñigo Ortiz de Retes on board of galleon San Juan when also attempting the return to New Spain</p><br>
<h3>World War II</h3><br>
<p>During World War II, Numfor was occupied by Japanese military forces in December 1943. The indigenous population at the time numbered about 5,000 people, most of whom lived a subsistence lifestyle in coastal villages.</p><br>
<p>The island was also hosting about 1,100 laborers taken to Numfor by the Japanese: 600 members of a Formosan (Taiwanese) auxiliary labor unit and 500 Indonesian civilian forced laborers. These were the survivors of more than 4,000 laborers taken to Numfor by the Japanese.</p><br>
<p>The Japanese built three airfields on the island, turning it into a significant air base.</p><br>
<p>Kornasoren Airfield/Yebrurro Airfield, located toward the northern end of the island</p><br>
<p>Kameri Airfield, on the northwestern edge of the island</p><br>
<p>Namber Airfield, on the west coast of the island.</p><br>
<p>Bombing of the island by United States and Australian aircraft began as early as April 1944.</p><br>
<p>Allied units landed on the island, from July 2, 1944. Although the island is surrounded by "an almost solid ring" of coral, newspapers reported "almost no loss" of troops in reaching the shore. Troops initially landed around Kamiri Airfield on the northwest edge of the island. Although there were extensive Japanese defensive preparations in the Kamiri area, there was little resistance at Kamiri Airfield. In the words of the US Navy official history: "Japanese encountered around the airfield were so stunned from the effects of the bombardment that all the fight was taken out of them."</p><br>
<p>The following day, as a precaution against Japanese resistance elsewhere, 2,000 US paratroopers from the 503 Parachute Infantry Regiment were dropped onto the island. The second base captured by US forces, Yebrurro Airfield, was secured by 4 July 1944.</p><br>
<p>On July 5, there was an unsuccessful Japanese counter-attack. That same day, a detachment of US forces from Numfor also secured the smaller neighboring island of Manim. Namber Airfield came under Allied control, without resistance, on July 6. The island was officially declared secure on July 7. However, individual Japanese soldiers continued guerrilla activities, and it was August 31 before all fighting had ceased.</p><br>
<p>By August 31, the Allies had lost 66 killed or missing and 343 wounded. It had killed approximately 1,714 Japanese and taken 186 prisoners.</p><br>
<p>According to the US Army official history, only 403 of the original 3,000 Javanese civilian laborers were alive by August 31. About 10-15 were reported to have been killed accidentally by Allied forces. The rest had died from maltreatment before the invasion.</p><br>
<p>About 300 Formosan labor troops had died before the invasion. Others fought the Allies, allegedly as a result of Japanese coercion. Over 550 surrendered; more than half of these were suffering from starvation and tropical diseases. Less than 20 were reported killed by Allied action.</p><br>
<p>According to the US Army historian, Allied personnel found evidence that human bodies, of Japanese, Formosan and Allied personnel, had been partly eaten by starving Japanese and Formosans.</p><br>
<p>Guajataca Lake, or Lago Guajataca, is a reservoir created by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority in 1929. It is located between the municipalities of San Sebastián, Quebradillas, and Isabela in Puerto Rico. The dam at Guajataca Lake experienced a structural failure on September 22, 2017, due to the hit from Hurricane Maria. The river, Río Guajataca, also carries the name.</p><br>
<h2>Guajataca Dam</h2><br>
<p>The Guajataca Dam is an earthen dam</p><br>
<p>It is the location of Guajataka Scout Reservation.</p><br>
<h3>Dam construction</h3><br>
<p>The construction of the dam was authorized by act 63 of the Legislature of Puerto Rico, known as the "Isabella public irrigation law," approved April 19, 1919.</p><br>
<p>The dam was constructed starting in 1928. The reservoir had an initial storage capacity of 48.46 Mm, or 48.46 e6m3, but by 1999 (71 years later), the capacity had been reduced to 42.28 Mm or 42.28 Gl, as about 13% less, attributed to sediment erosion.</p><br>
<p>The surface area of the reservoir was in 1999.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Inventory of Dams, Guajataca Dam was designed by and is owned by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority.</p><br>
<h3>Guajataca dam failure risk</h3><br>
<p>On September 22, 2017, at 18:10 GMT, following Hurricane Maria, operators at Guajataca Dam announced that the dam&#39;s spillway was failing at the northern end of the lake and it could result in the whole dam collapsing. The National Weather Service a few minutes later urged all 70,000 residents in the flood area to be evacuated. The National Weather Service stated the dam was a "life-threatening situation". "It’s a structural failure. I don’t have any more details," Governor Ricardo Rosselló stated. "We’re trying to evacuate as many people as possible." Rosselló ordered the Puerto Rico National Guard and the Police to help assist in the evacuation effort downstream. The dam lies across the Guajataca River to form a reservoir that can hold roughly 11 billion gallons of water.</p><br>
<p>170927-Z-CD688-257 (23527444578).jpgDamaged spillway, September 27th</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania National Guard (37619734851).jpgA Chinook lifting a big sandbag to reinforce the spillway, October 9th</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania National Guard (37587475852).jpgUSACE and Pennsylvania National Guard working to stabilize the structure, October 9th</p><br>
<p>The Town of Gardiner, in Ulster County, New York, United States uses the former Gardiner Schoolhouse as its town hall. It is located on US 44/NY 55 at the east end of the hamlet of Gardiner, and houses all the departments of town government, the town court and a branch office of the New York State Police. It is built in the Queen Anne style, painted green and white.</p><br>
<p>The building began life as a one-room schoolhouse rolled into the hamlet on logs in 1875. Fifty years later it was one of the few buildings to survive a fire that destroyed many other buildings in the community. It remained in use as a school, expanded to two rooms, until 1981.</p><br>
<p>The town began using it shortly afterwards, but it served mainly as a meeting place for the town board. Other offices were housed elsewhere in the town, often at the firehouse across the road and an office plaza downtown. In 2000 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and the town began to seriously consider renovating and expanding it. Some residents did not believe that was necessary, and helped defeat a $1.5 million expansion plan in a March 2001 vote. A vote later that year limited the town to $850,000 for any renovation or construction.</p><br>
<p>Three years later, a new town supervisor, Carl Zatz, initiated a project to renovate and expand the building. It caused some controversy when other town officials and residents publicly expressed doubts that the work could be done for the minimal costs Zatz claimed it would. Republican opponents, however, criticized him for destroying the school&#39;s outhouse in the process.</p><br>
<p>United Parish of Auburndale, formerly the Auburndale Congregational Church, is a historic church at 64 Hancock Street in the Auburndale village of Newton, Massachusetts. Built in 1857 for an 1850 congregation and repeatedly enlarged, it is a prominent regional example of Romanesque architecture in wood. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 4, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Auburndale Congregational Church was organized in 1850, and the main part of the church building was completed in 1857 to a design by Charles Edward Parker, an architect who lived nearby. Its spire was blown down and rebuilt in 1862, and the nave was sympathetically extended in</p><br>
<p>Auburndale Congregational Church has become a federated congregation known as United Parish of Auburndale and affiliated in 1878, the same year its chapel was added. The porch on the south side was added in 1880, and the chapel was enlarged in 1892. A single-story office wing was added in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The present congregation was formed in 1980 when the original congregation formed a federated union with the Centenary United Methodist Church. It now maintains affiliation with both the United Church of Christ and the United Methodist Church.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church is located in the southern part of the village of Auburndale, in a residential area near Lasell Junior College. It is set on the eastern corner of Hancock Street and Woodland Road, and is oriented with its front facing Hancock Street. It is a long single-story wood-frame structure, with a gable roof and clapboarded exterior. A three-stage square tower rises from the front right corner, its levels defined by round-arch Romanesque windows and belfry openings, with a slate-roof steeple at the top. The main entrance is set at the center of the Hancock Street facade, beneath a large stained-glass round-arch window. Window bays are articulated by pilasters, and most windows have round-arch tops. The eaves and gable ends are adorned with drip moulding. The porch on the south side has elaborate later Victorian decorative elements.</p><br>
<p>Kent Lake is a reservoir in western Marin County, California formed by the construction of Peters Dam across Lagunitas Creek. Built in 1954, the lake is the most recent lake of the Marin Municipal Water District, as well as the largest.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Unlike the other lakes in the area, Kent Lake has almost no hiking trails around it.</p><br>
<p>By automobile, major access points to the area include parking to the southeast off the Bolinas Fairfax road, or from the northwest, with seasonal parking off Sir Francis Drake Blvd or in one of the pullouts along the road. Minor access points include the dam at the southwestern point of Alpine Lake on the Bolinas Fairfax road. Despite the lack of trails, Kent Lake can be traversed or accessed by foot, bike, or horse from unpaved roads such as Pine Mountain road, which runs to the highest elevation, Kent Pump road which runs from the Alpine Lake dam down to the lake at low elevation, or Continental Cove road at the north. Visitors should be prepared for the size of the area and the mountainous terrain surrounding the lake.</p><br>
<p>Ryer Island an island in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta in Solano County, California surrounded by Miner Slough and Steamboat Slough at their confluence with the Sacramento River, 6.5 miles north-northeast of Rio Vista. The 4,750 hectare island is named in honor of a California pioneer, Dr. Washington M. Ryer, and his family. A map prepared at the time of statehood shows the area divided by the west fork of the Sacramento River, with the western half identified as Priest Island and the eastern half identified as Sutter Island.</p><br>
<p>The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) operates two vehicle ferry services to the island, connecting the following state highways:</p><br>
<p>* , towards Rio Vista</p><br>
<p>* , towards Ryde</p><br>
<p>Highway 220 then terminates at Highway 84 on Ryer Island, while the latter leaves the island north on a bridge, and towards West Sacramento.</p><br>
<p>Ingøya  is an island on the edge of the Arctic Ocean in Måsøy Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 18 km&sup2; island lies just north of the island of Rolvsøya and west of Hjelmsøya. The sparsely populated island is only accessible by boat. There are regular ferry connections at the port in the village of Ingøy on the north side of the island. The ferry connects to Gunnarnes on Rolvsøya and Havøysund on the island of Havøya. The island has about 27 inhabitants . The Ingøy radio transmitter is located about 2 km south of the village of Ingøy. Fruholmen Lighthouse lies just off the northern coast of the island.</p><br>
<p>From the northwest, the broad Mafjorden cuts into the island of Ingøya and on the east side there is an open bay called Sanden. The southwestern part of the island is quite mountainous with the highest peak being the 332 m tall Mafjordfjellet. The southern and eastern parts of the island are flat and partially swampy. The northern part is a more mountainous part where the fishing village of Ingøy is located. Ingøy Church is located in Ingøy village. Historically, Mafjorden, Gåsnes, and Ingøy were all large fishing villages. There were two whaling stations located in Mafjorden that operated until the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Kolyuchin Island or Koliuchin Island  is a small island in the Chukchi Sea. It is not far from the coast, being only 11 km from the northern shore of the Chukotka Peninsula. Its latitude is 67° 28 N and its longitude 174° 37 W.</p><br>
<p>This island is 4.5 km in length and its maximum width is 1.5 km. It is covered with tundra vegetation. There was a small Chukchi settlement on the southern end of the island called Kolyuchino but as of 1987, there was no village and very rare traces of former human presence such as separate logs and coals.</p><br>
<p>On the nearby shore there is the settlement of Nutepelmen, located north of the Rypatynonelgyn Lagoon and south of the Pyngopil&#39;gyn Lagoon. Kolyuchinskaya Bay, further south, is named after Kolyuchin Island. Administratively this island and its surrounding area belongs to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In September 1933 Soviet ice-breaker Chelyuskin got crushed by pack ice near Kolyuchin Island. The passengers and crew were rescued by air in a dramatic and much publicised operation which made heroes of Captain Vladimir Voronin and expedition leader Otto Schmidt.</p><br>
<p>The Barrel of Butter, formerly known as Carlin Skerry, is a skerry situated in Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>The rock is old red sandstone of the Devonian period. There is no soil of any significance on it.</p><br>
<p>Located in Scapa Flow, between Mainland and Cava, it has a section permanently above sea level. It is to the north east of Cava, and south of Orphir. It is also north of Flotta.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Formerly known as Carlin Skerry, the rock gained its strange name, not from its shape, or position, as is often the case, but from the annual rent paid on it, by the residents of Orphir. In return for a barrel of butter per year, they gained permission from the local laird to hunt the seals on it.</p><br>
<p>On 21 June 1919, the waters between the Barrel of Butter and Cava became full of scuttled German ships, including the,, and. Some of these are still popular with divers.</p><br>
<p>Seven Islands Methodist Church is a historic church located at 8100 Seven Islands Road near the south bank of the French Broad River in Knox County, Tennessee. The church building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was founded in 1803, the first Methodist congregation established in Knox County. The church was built circa 1865. As of 1994 it was being used by a non-denominational congregation. The building was listed on the National Register in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The church is part of a community that also includes a log house from the early 19th century, timber frame and brick homes from the 1830s and 1850s, and other churches. The Seven Islands Wildlife Refuge has been created to maintain the 19th century history of this area.</p><br>
<p>Christdala Evangelical Swedish Lutheran Church  is a historic church located in Forest Township, Rice County, Minnesota. It is situated 11 mi west of Northfield at 4695 Millersburg Blvd.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior in 1995 because of its historical significance and its ties to the Northfield, Minnesota bank robbery by the James-Younger Gang on September 7, 1876.</p><br>
<h2>Early Swedish Settlers</h2><br>
<p>Christdala congregation was formed in 1877 by Swedish immigrants who settled in Rice County. The church was built in Late Gothic Revival style during 1878. Worship services were discontinued in 1966. Dating from 1994, several members of the former Christdala congregation formed the Christdala Church Preservation and Cemetery. Christdala Church and Cemetery are both well preserved. Today the church serves as a memorial to the contributions made by a small group of Swedish-American settlers in Rice County in the latter half of the 19th century. They prospered, built a simple church and made lasting contributions to their community.</p><br>
<h2>Chronology</h2><br>
<p>1856 – George Miller homesteaded 160 acre and platted a village recorded as "Millersburg." Miller erected a mill and a hotel and a partner started a general store, attracting "Yankee" settlers from the east. Later a post office and blacksmith shop were established.</p><br>
<p>1870 – First Swedish immigrants settled in the Millersburg area from the Red Wing&ndash;Vasa area and initially held services in their homes.</p><br>
<p>1871 – Lester post office established by John W. Thompson one mile (1.6 km) west of Christdala. Thompson&#39;s business card read: Notary Public, Justice of the Peace, Real Estate Developer, Minnesota State Legislature, Postmaster." More than half a dozen Swedish families now lived in the vicinity.</p><br>
<p>1873 – Economic depression in the USA</p><br>
<p>1876 – Nicolaus Gustafson, a recent immigrant from Sweden, was killed in Northfield, Minnesota on September 7, 1876 during the notorious James-Younger Gang&#39;s robbery of the Northfield bank on September 7. Gustafson was buried in the Northfield Cemetery because the Millersburg Swedish community had no church or cemetery. The Millersburg Swedes immediately started planning for the construction of their own church and cemetery. The old church records lead to a conclusion that Jesse James was not in Minnesota during the Northfield bank robbery but remained with his family in Nashville, Tennessee. It appears that the gang leaders at the time of the Northfield robbery were Cole Younger and Frank James.</p><br>
<p>1877 – The first Swedish immigrants to settle in the dense and virgin "Big Woods" of Rice County formed the Christdala congregation on July 18, 1877. Christdala congregation was established by 13 founding families on 1.125 acre of land given by neighbors Peter Youngquist & Carl Hirdler. Christdala was admitted into the Minnesota Conference of the Lutheran Augustana Synod.</p><br>
<p>1878 – Christdala church building was constructed by John Olson and John Lundberg of Northfield for $230.00. The existing Christdala Church building is original and has never been altered or moved.</p><br>
<p>1878 to 1918 – High point of Swedish immigration into the USA, Minnesota & Rice County.</p><br>
<p>1880 – Pulpit was built by John Olson for $15.00, interior walls plastered, native ash wainscoting installed. Oil lamps and first organ acquired. Annual membership dues were $4.00 for men, $3.00 for women and the church building had an insured value of $600.00.</p><br>
<p>1881 – Front steps and horse stalls were built; table, chairs, baptismal font purchased (still in church today). Each family required to provide one cord of basswood per year for heating.</p><br>
<p>1882 – Christdala congregation reached 70 families and Sunday church attendance averaged 170 people.</p><br>
<p>1885 – Christdala church constitution adopted. Over 55% of Christdala&#39;s budget was dedicated to education. The church records stated: "The fruit of a surrendered life becomes capable of sacrificing personal advantages for the sake and welfare of the group."</p><br>
<p>1886 – New organ purchased from Wick Organ Company in Chicago (still in use today).</p><br>
<p>1890 – Membership peaked at 230 members. Church resolution: "Resolved that all children know their ABCs before they attend school."</p><br>
<p>1892 – Carpet installed inside church. Treasurer&#39;s report: "All debts have been paid and there is a balance of $147.14 in the treasury. This is the best condition in all of our history."</p><br>
<p>1893 – Window shades & burial equipment acquired. Economic depression in USA ("Cleveland&#39;s Panic").</p><br>
<p>1895 – 60 ft bell tower added to front of church.</p><br>
<p>1897 – Congregation acquired Blacksmith Sandbo&#39;s house west of Millersburg for $552.99 as a parish house.</p><br>
<p>1901 – Bell installed in belfry.</p><br>
<p>1903 – English services offered once a month on Sunday afternoon or evening.</p><br>
<p>1917 - English adopted as the only language. New wood-burning furnace and hot air registers installed, wood fireplace in basement removed, convection floor slats covered. Original hand-fashioned kneeling benches replaced with 18 identical oak pews, 9 on each side of the center aisle.</p><br>
<p>1927 – Christdala celebrated 50th Anniversary.</p><br>
<p>1938 – Fewer than six pioneer families remained in the Christdala community.</p><br>
<p>1942 – Christdala&#39;s 65th Anniversary: "The blessings of their endeavors are ours.…as giants in the earth they stood, their faith in God availing."</p><br>
<p>1950 – Church membership declined to 30 members.</p><br>
<p>1957 – Interior walls replastered and painted for Christdala&#39;s 80th Anniversary.</p><br>
<p>1966 – Membership declined to a handful, Christdala congregation disestablished.</p><br>
<p>1978 – Christdala cemetery association established.</p><br>
<p>1994 – Christdala Church Preservation & Cemetery Association incorporated as an IRS-approved charitable organization for tax-deductible gifts. Substantial funds raised to preserve the church with new paint, roof, windows, fence, front steps, flag poles.</p><br>
<p>1995 - Christdala formally placed on "The National Register of Historic Places" by USA Department of the Interior (National Park Service) because of historical significance. Lt. Governor Joanne Benson officiated at official induction ceremony at Christdala. The History of the Christdala Evangelical Lutheran Church prepared, copies available upon request.</p><br>
<p>2002 – Christdala celebrated 125th Anniversary. Christdala Preservation Association established a Permanent Fund goal of $1,000,000 for perpetual maintenance.</p><br>
<p>2007 - Christdala celebrated 130th Anniversary; invested over $250,000 in the church and cemetery between 1994-2007.</p><br>
<p>2008 - Christdala acquired the old Millersburg Schoolhouse, built in 1887, for use as a records repository and community museum. Restoration of the old one-room schoolhouse where the local Swedish community attended school into the 1950s is on-going.</p><br>
<p>Lake Wyola is a lake located in Shutesbury, Massachusetts, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Dam</h2><br>
<p>Construction was completed on a dam in 1883 that increased the size of the lake from 65 acre to 130 acre, doubling the size of the lake. The dam was originally installed to help provide hydropower on the Sawmill River, then the site of numerous mills. Lake Wyola Dam is of earthen construction. The dam is a 232 ft long, 14 ft high masonry embankment dam with a concrete spillway. Its capacity is 833 acre.ft. Normal storage is 830 acre.ft(1.02M m³). It drains an area of 6.4 square miles.</p><br>
<p>In 1998 the dam was classified as a high-hazard dam by state officials. They said that there was a potential for a large loss of property and life downstream, in the towns of Leverett and Montague, if the dam should fail. In 2005 during heavy storms, there was great concern for its stability as the area directly below the dam severely flooded.</p><br>
<p>In July 2008, despite the evident and urgent need for repair or replacement the Massachusetts Governor denied funding for the dams repair. Many local residents, particularly in Leverett and Montague, were frustrated with the Governors decision. However, with so many dams in Massachusetts in need of repair, others question if the state should be spending millions to rehab old dams.</p><br>
<p>Despite the gubernatorial veto, funding was eventually obtained and construction began at the dam in the fall of 2008. The repairs were completed in May 2009.</p><br>
<p>Justin Morrill Hall, known almost exclusively as Morrill Hall, is an academic building of Cornell University on its Ithaca, New York campus. As of 2009 it houses the Departments of Romance Studies, Russian Literature, and Linguistics. The building is named in honor of Justin Smith Morrill, who as Senator from Vermont was the primary proponent of the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862 which greatly assisted the founding of Cornell University. Morrill Hall was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>While the building primarily provides a home for language-related departments such as Romance Studies, Russian Literature, and Linguistics, Morrill Hall has previously served as the headquarters for a much broader variety of departments. Notably, the fourth floor of the building housed the Cornell Law School in its entirety when it first opened in 1887. was located in the basement of Morrill during the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The exterior architectural style of Morrill Hall has been alternatively described as Second Empire The structure was originally divided into three distinct sections: a southern wing containing student residential suites with room for sixty students; a central academic wing for classrooms, the library, and an auditorium; and a northern wing containing offices. Originally, the sections were not interconnected, and moving from one to the other required exiting and re-entering the building. This segmented structure was designed as a safety feature, as a fire in one wing of the building would be less likely to spread to the other two sections of the structure. The partitions between the three segments of the building were demolished in 1897 as part of a large-scale renovation.</p><br>
<p>The Amos Adams House is a historic house at 37 Park Avenue, in the Newton Corner village of Newton, Massachusetts. Built in 1888, it is a prominent local example of Queen Anne architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 4, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Amos Adams House stands in a large residential area roughly midway between the villages of Newton Corner and Newton Centre, on the west side of Park Avenue near its junction with Green Park. It is a 2-1/2 story structure, with a tall hip roof and clapboarded exterior. It has asymmetrical massing typical of the style, as well as a variety of projecting gables and porches, an octagonal tower, and tall paneled-brick chimneys. The front facade is divided into roughly three sections, with the tower on the right, a central single-story entry porch with turned posts and balustrade above, and a rectangular projecting section on the left that increases in size to a third-level gable with Stick style woodwork in the gable top and a small balcony on the third level. A small gable section projects above the entrance porch, and a small hip-roof dormer is found in the tall roof above that. Gable ends are typically clad in decorative shingles, and there are paneled sections below windows of the turret and the left projection.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1888, on land that had previously been part of the large estate of Albert Brackett, a prominent local coal and lumber dealer. Brackett sold off portions of his estate in response to increasing development pressures. The house was built for Amos Adams, a businessman who commuted to Boston, a common occurrence in residents of this area.</p><br>
<p>Creise, kraysh in English, is a Scottish mountain that stands at the eastern end of Glen Coe, just to the south of the A82 road, some 26 kilometres South-southeast of Fort William in the Highland Council area. The mountain was previously known as Clach Leathad  in the Munro Tables prior to 1981, its name being changed to Creise when the highest point was found to be 1200 metres further north along the summit ridge when using new mapping techniques.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Creise along with Meall a Bhuiridh, Stob Ghabhar and Stob a Choire Odhair is one of the four Black Mount Munros, it reaches a height of 1100 metres (3609 feet) and is a hill that is well known to skiers as well as walkers being situated next to the White Corries ski area from where it is often climbed along with adjoining Meall a&#39; Bhuiridh. The two mountains are a popular traverse with cross-country skiers. The mountain is well seen from the A82 road and the Kings House Hotel, showing its steep and craggy northern buttress of Sròn na Creise. For many years the translated meaning of the mountains name from the Gaelic was unknown, however Irvine Butterfield now says that “creis” means grease or fat and refers to the rich grazing land around the hill which was used in the past by Glen Coe herdsman to fatten their cattle.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Creise is a long whaleback of a mountain, oriented north to south. It has a three kilometre long summit ridge with four distinct high points. The most southerly is Clach Leathad (Clachlet) which with a height of 1099 metres is just a metre lower than the main summit. Up to the 1970s it was regarded as the highest point of the mountain. It was downgraded to a “Munro Top” in the 1981 edition of Munros Tables. 700 metres north of Clach Leathad along the ridge is Mam Coire Easain (1070 metres), a former “Munro Top” deleted from the tables in 1981. It is strategically important as it stands at the head of the ridge linking the mountain to Meall a Bhuiridh. The main summit stands a further 650 metres north. It was previously an unnamed Munro Top on OS maps before being promoted to Munro in 1981.</p><br>
<p>A fourth high point is Stob a’ Ghlais Choire (996 metres). This Munro Top stands at the northern end of the ridge above the crags of Sròn na Creise which fall steeply to the valley of the River Etive. Sròn na Creise offers a challenging scrambler&#39;s route to the summit, but needs care in winter as several serious accidents have occurred on the crags. Rainfall on Creise finds its way to both coasts of Scotland. Drainage from the south of the mountain (Clach Leathad) flows into Coire Ba, one of the biggest corries in Scotland, and arrives at the east coast at the Firth of Tay via the Rivers Ba, Tummel and Tay. All other drainage from the mountain is via Glen Etive and Loch Etive to the west coast near Oban.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The most popular ascent of Creise along with the neighbouring Meall a Bhuiridh starts at the White Corries ski Centre (grid reference ) and climbs Meall a Bhuiridh first by following the line of the ski chair lift (no self-respecting mountaineer would use the lift). The lifts and tows go right up to the summit of the mountain. The continuation to Creise goes SW and then west over a col with a height of 932 metres which connects the two mountains to reach the summit plateau of Creise. A direct ascent from the same starting point goes west across moorland to reach the foot of Sròn na Creise, it is then a scramblers route up to the northern end of the summit ridge. The hill can also be climbed as part of the Clachlet Traverse, a 25 km classic walk between the Inveroran Inn at Bridge of Orchy and the Kings House Inn in Glen Coe taking all four of the Black Mount Munros with 1700 metres of ascent. The view from the summit takes in a close up of the cliffs of Buachaille Etive Mòr and the western part of Rannoch Moor</p><br>
<p>Dara or Daras  was an important East Roman fortress city in northern Mesopotamia on the border with the Sassanid Empire. Because of its great strategic importance, it featured prominently in the Roman-Persian conflicts of the 6th century, with the famous Battle of Dara taking place before its walls in 530. The former bishopric remains a multiple Catholic titular see. Today the Turkish village of Oğuz, Mardin Province, occupies its location.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Foundation by Anastasius</h3><br>
<p>During the Anastasian War in 502–506, the Roman armies fared badly against the Sassanid Persians. According to the Syriac Chronicle of Zacharias of Mytilene, the Roman generals blamed their difficulties on the lack of a strong base in the area, as opposed to the Persians, who held the great city of Nisibis (which until its cession in 363 had served the same purpose for the Romans).</p><br>
<p>Therefore, in 505, while the Persian King Kavadh I was distracted in the East, Emperor Anastasius I decided to rebuild the village of Dara, only 18 kilometres westwards from Nisibis and just 5 km from the actual border with Persia, to be "a refuge for the army in which they might rest, and for the preparation of weapons, and to guard the country of the Arabs from the inroads of the Persians and Saracens". Masons and workers from all over Mesopotamia were gathered and worked with great haste. The new city was built on three hills, on the highest of which stood the citadel, and endowed with great storehouses, a public bath and water cisterns. It took the name Anastasiopolis (Ἀναστασιούπολις) and became the seat of the Roman dux Mesopotamiae.</p><br>
<h3>Reconstruction by Justinian</h3><br>
<p>According to Procopius, the hasty construction of the original walls resulted in poor quality, and the severe weather conditions of the region exacerbated the problem, ruining some sections. Thus Byzantine Emperor Justinian I was compelled to undertake extensive repairs to the city, afterwards renaming it Iustiniana Nova. The walls were rebuilt and the inner wall raised by a new storey, doubling its height to about 20 m. The towers were strengthened and raised to three stories (ca. 35 m) high, and a moat dug out and filled with water.</p><br>
<p>Justinian&#39;s engineers also diverted the nearby river Cordes towards the city by digging a canal. The river now flowed through the city, ensuring ample water supply. At the same time, by means of diverting its flow to an underground channel which exited 65 km to the north, the garrison was able to deny water to a besieging enemy, a fact which saved the city on several occasions. To avert the danger of flooding, which had already once wrecked large parts of the city, an elaborate arch dam was built to contain it, one of the earliest known of its kind. In addition, barracks were built for the garrison, and two new churches were constructed, the "Great Church", and one dedicated to St Bartholomew.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>The city was later besieged and captured by the Persians in 573-574, but was returned to the Romans by Khosrau II after the Roman-Persian treaty in 590. It was taken again by Khosrau in 604-05 after a nine-month siege, recovered again for the Roman Empire by Heraclius. Finally captured in 639 by the Arabs, the city then lost its military significance, declined and was eventually abandoned.</p><br>
<h3>Modern history</h3><br>
<p>Dara became the site of massacre during the Armenian Genocide. According to some reports, the cisterns were filled with the bodies of slaughtered Armenians from Diyarbakır, Mardin, and Erzurum in the spring and summer of 1915.</p><br>
<h2>Ecclesiastical history</h2><br>
<h3>(Arch)Bishopric</h3><br>
<p>The new city became the seat of a Christian bishop and was at first a Metropolitan see, with three suffragans: Rhesaina (also called Theodosiopolis), Rhandus and Nasala.</p><br>
<p>Its first bishop was Eutychianus, who took possession in 506. His successor, Thomas, was deposed in 519 for his opposition to the Council of Chalcedon and died in 540. Mamas was removed in 537. Stephanus took part in the Second Council of Constantinople in 553.</p><br>
<p>After the 7th-century Arab conquest, Dara became the seat of Jacobite bishops.</p><br>
<p>In the 10th century Dara lost its Metropolitan rank, which passed to its former suffragan Rhesaina.</p><br>
<p>No longer a residential bishopric, Dara is now listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see, both Latin and in particular for the Syriac Catholic Church, which, though of Jacobite tradition, is in full communion with the Holy See.</p><br>
<h3>Titular Latin see</h3><br>
<p>The diocese was nominally restored in the 15th century as the Latin Catholic titular bishopric of Dara.</p><br>
<p>As such, it has the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :</p><br>
<p>Hubert Léonard, Carmelite Order (O. Carm.) (1474.11.16 – 1489.07.06) and again (1492.12.03 – ?)</p><br>
<p>Blasius de Aguinaga (1669.09.09 – ?)</p><br>
<p>Nicolás de Ulloa y Hurtado de Mendoza, Augustinian Order (O.E.S.A.) (1677.02.08 – 1679.11.27)</p><br>
<p>Francisco Zapata Vera y Morales (1680.03.11 – 1703.04.23)</p><br>
<p>Franz Engelbert Barbo von Waxenstein (1703.06.04 – 1706.12.25)</p><br>
<p>In 1925 it was renamed and Promoted as Metropolitan Titular archbishopric of Dara.</p><br>
<p>It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents of that (highest) rank :</p><br>
<p>Alfonso Archi (1925.11.16 – 1927.03.04)</p><br>
<p>Joseph-Marie Le Gouaze (1927.09.29 – 1930.12.05)</p><br>
<p>Luigi Fantozzi (1931.01.01 – 1932.01.14)</p><br>
<p>Torquato Dini (1933.11.12 – 1934.03.26)</p><br>
<p>Antonio Riberi (黎培理) (1934.08.13 – 1967.07.25), as papal diplomat: Apostolic Delegate to Africa for Missions (1934.08.13 – 1945), Apostolic Internuncio(papal envoy) to PR China (1946.07.06 – 1959.02.19), Apostolic Nuncio (papal ambassador) to Ireland (1959.02.19 – 1962.04.28), Apostolic Nuncio to Spain (1962.04.28 – 1967.06.26); later created Cardinal-Priest of S. Girolamo della Carità pro hac vice Title (1967.06.29 – 1967.12.16)</p><br>
<p>Nicholas Thomas Elko (1967.12.22 – 1971.08.10)</p><br>
<h3>Titular Syrian Catholic see</h3><br>
<p>Established as Titular bishopric of Anastasiopolis, suppressed without incumbent, restored in 1979 as titular bishopric of Dara Syrorum (just Dara in Curiate Italian).</p><br>
<p>It has had the following incumbents, of both the lowest (episcopal) and intermediary (archiepiscopal) ranks :</p><br>
<p>Titular Bishop Athanase Matti Shaba Matoka (1979.08.25 – 1983.07.15) (later Archbishop)</p><br>
<p>Titular Archbishop Flavien Joseph Melki(1996.05.25 –...), Bishop of Curia emeritus of the Syrians</p><br>
<p>Laguna Tortuguero Natural Reserve is a natural reservoir located between the municipalities of Vega Baja and Manatí in Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<p>The lagoon is one of only two natural reservoirs in the island of Puerto Rico (the other being Joyuda Lagoon), and is home to an ample variety of species.</p><br>
<h2>General information</h2><br>
<p>Tortuguero Lagoon Nature Reserve is the only freshwater lagoon in Puerto Rico. It contains about 708 million gallons of water. The reserve was designated in 1979 through a program of Coastal Zone Management PR. It is located between the municipalities of Vega Baja and Manatí. It covers approximately 2.43 km. It is divided into two main parts: in the east and northeast, the Laguna Grande ("Big Lagoon" in English), and in the south, the Laguna Rica. A swamp located northeast of the pond, El Cabo Caribe ("Cape Caribbean" in English), includes one of the most important areas of the reserve as a source of nesting and feeding waterflow ecosystem.</p><br>
<p>Generally, Tortuguero is made up of swamps, marshes, soils of silica sand and hills. Although not a forest, its variety of rare endemic plants and flowers has earned it a place amongst the most important reserves in Puerto Rico, just after El Yunque, Toro Negro State Forest and the Forest of Maricao.</p><br>
<h2>Native, exotic and endemic species in the reserve</h2><br>
<p>Native species:</p><br>
<p>Eels of the genus Anguila</p><br>
<p>Chad (Elops saurus)</p><br>
<p>Common snook (Centropomus undecimalis)</p><br>
<p>Big-eye scad mackerel or horse-eye jack (Caranx latus)</p><br>
<p>Endemic species:</p><br>
<p>Puerto Rican spindalis (Spindalis portoricensis)</p><br>
<p>Puerto Rican oriole (Icterus portoricensis)</p><br>
<p>Adelaide&#39;s warbler (Setophaga adelaidae)</p><br>
<p>Exotic species:</p><br>
<p>Caiman (Caiman crocodilus)</p><br>
<p>Black seabream or chopa (Spondyliosoma cantharus)</p><br>
<p>Tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis)</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>The flora of this reserve is the fourth most important in Puerto Rico. There are 717 species of plants.</p><br>
<p>- 144 are rare and endangered</p><br>
<p>- 56 live in fine white sands around the lagoon</p><br>
<p>- 110 live in organic soils of swamps</p><br>
<p>- 37 species are native to America</p><br>
<p>All of the above are found exclusively on the Tortuguero Lagoon. There are seven species of insectivorous plants in the area of the lagoon. Two of these are in danger of extinction, which are Drosera and Utricularia capilaris subuleta clesitogama. The rest is divided into:</p><br>
<p>- 265 are indicators of wetlands</p><br>
<p>- 132 tree species</p><br>
<p>- 79 species of sedges</p><br>
<p>- 78 herbs</p><br>
<p>- 38 species of ferns</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The reserve provides an environment conducive to bird diversity. There have been 83 species of birds identified across the reserve. Of these, 30 are migratory and the rest are resident in Puerto Rico. Among the residents are the Puerto Rican spindalis, Puerto Rican oriole and Adelaide&#39;s warbler. In aquatic ecosystems, birds such as ruddy duck and Caribbean coot and are generally abundant. As for fish, they are generally abundant but small. The lagoon is a shelter and breeding ground for females fish. There are 23 species of fish in the lagoon, among the native are eels, tarpon, snook and mackerel bigeye. Among those introduced are the black seabream, bass and tilapia. It also emphasizes the presence of oviparous fish such as the "guppy" of the Poecilia genus.</p><br>
<p>The First Baptist Church in Newton was founded in 1788. Its historic building  is located at 848 Beacon Street in the village of Newton Centre, in Newton, Massachusetts. On April 15, 1982, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Current Status</h2><br>
<p>First Baptist is currently known for its innovative approaches, including a striking blend of contemporary and traditional music, an open, relaxed worship style and commitment to hospitality and the arts. Senior Minister Sean Witty came to First Baptist in 2011. He has a background as in the music industry, church planting, and youth ministry. Rev. Witty, his wife, singer-songwriter, artist and actress Lynn Bailey Witty, and frequent guest artists give the congregation an unusual musical energy. The congregation also emphasizes the growth of small and mid-sized groups, including those focused on lectio divina, parenting with young children, arts, young adults, biblical archaeology, the Jewish roots of Jesus, social justice and contemplative practices.</p><br>
<p>The church frequently hosts events for the wider community. Recent guests have included author Peter Rollins, author and singer-songwriter. Recent social justice events featured appearances by Susannah Susannah Heschel and music legend Pete Peter Seeger.</p><br>
<p>The strikingly beautiful historic sanctuary is a regular venue for performance. It is the home of the orchestra and a common venue for other musical and community events. The church hosts the annual commencement ceremonies for nearby Andover Newton Theological School. Faculty, staff, students, and administration are active members of the church.</p><br>
<h2>Affiliations</h2><br>
<p>As an American Baptist Church, all decisions on church matters rest with its own members. First Baptist Church in Newton is affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA and a member of The American Baptist Churches of Massachusetts (TABCOM). It also belongs to the Alliance of Baptists.</p><br>
<p>The congregation belongs to AWAB, the Association of Welcoming and Affirming Baptists. The congregation has voted to approve a welcoming statement:"Our congregation, believing Gods love and grace are offered to all to be shared and celebrated by all, embraces persons of every age, race, sexual orientation, denomination, cultural background, and economic means as vital and integral members of Gods family."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First Baptist Church in Newton was founded on July 5, 1780, on a site just west</p><br>
<p>of the present building.</p><br>
<p>The present building was constructed in 1888 in the Richardsonian Romanesque architectural style pioneered by Henry Hobson Richardson. The church&#39;s architect was John Lyman Faxon.</p><br>
<h2>Famous minister</h2><br>
<p>Samuel Francis Smith, famous as the author of My Country, &#39;Tis of Thee (also known as America), was minister of the church from 1842 to 1854. The bell tower on the present building was given in his memory and was rededicated as the America bell tower in 1932.</p><br>
<p>The Mayslake Peabody Estate is an estate constructed as a country home for Francis Stuyvesant Peabody between 1919 and 1922. The estate is located in the western Chicago suburb of Oak Brook, Illinois, United States, and is now part of the Mayslake Forest Preserve administered by the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County.</p><br>
<p>Originally encompassing an area of over 848 acres (3.4 km²), the estate now contains a total area of 87 acres (0.4 km²). The entire complex features the Tudor Revival style Mayslake Hall, its retreat wing, and the Portiuncula Chapel, a replica of the Chapel of St. Francis in Assisi, Italy. Approximately 22 acres (0.1 km²) of wetlands, lakes, restored prairies and two small oak savannas are included within the 87 acre (0.4 km²) territory.</p><br>
<p>On November 8, 1994, Mayslake Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction and early ownership</h3><br>
<p>The Mayslake Peabody Estate was constructed from 1919-1921 for wealthy coal baron and Democratic politician Francis Stuyvesant Peabody. At the time of the estate&#39;s construction, Peabody was the owner of one of the largest coal companies in the United States, the Peabody Coal Company, which has since become Peabody Energy, the largest private sector coal company in the world.</p><br>
<p>Peabody first began purchasing land in the eastern portion of DuPage County in 1910. He used the land to create Peabody Farms, later renamed Mayslake Farms. By 1919 Peabody had approximately 848 acre of land for use between parcels he owned and leased. Construction of Mayslake Hall, his Tudor Revival style country house began in 1919. The estate is named in honor of his first wife, who died in 1907, and his daughter, both of whom were named May.</p><br>
<p>Only a year after Mayslake Hall was completed, on August 27, 1922, Francis Peabody died of a heart attack during a fox hunt on his property. Peabody was 63 years old at the time of his death.</p><br>
<h3>Later ownership and additions</h3><br>
<p>After Francis Peabodys death, his family did not wish to reside at the estate, and on March 28, 1924, the estate was sold to the Franciscan Order for a total of $450,000. Beginning in 1925, the Franciscans used Mayslake Hall as a retreat house. After Peabodys death, the Portiuncula Chapel, a replica of the Chapel of St. Francis of Assisi in Assisi, Italy, was added to the property in memory of him. Completed in 1926, the chapel was one of the first replicas of the original chapel in the United States. The Portiuncula Chapel at the Franciscan Monastery of the Holy Land in America in Washington, D.C. was also built around the same time. Originally, the chapel was located at the site of Peabody&#39;s death. It was moved to its present location near the mansion in 1973. Behind the chapel, a semi-circular memorial wall surrounding a flower and herb garden, was constructed by the Franciscan Order of Friars Minor.</p><br>
<p>In 1927, the St. Joseph Seminary was added to the complex, but was later demolished. In 1951, an additional wing was added to the country house (now known as the retreat wing). St. Paschal&#39;s Friary was built on the estate between 1952 and 1964. The Friary was demolished in 2011. During the 1930s and 1970s, the Franciscans sold large portions of the estate.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, the Franciscans announced the pending sale of the remaining 87 acre to a developer who planned to raze remaining buildings and build 130 luxury homes. Conservationists, historic preservationists and DuPage County citizens formed a group to save the historic property. With the assistance of the group&#39;s efforts, DuPage County voters approved a $17.5 million referendum providing the Forest Preserve District with funds to purchase Mayslake in 1992. The area is now part of the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County. Mayslake Hall hosts cultural and educational programs throughout the year, including lectures, art classes, and concerts. Restoration-In-Progress tours of the hall take place on Saturdays and Wednesdays. The estate is also home to First Folio Theatre.</p><br>
<p>The Mayslake Peabody Estate has been used as a film location for several television and movie projects. It was used as the main location for the independent feature film, "Eye of the Sandman," produced by a Chicago-based non-profit organization, Split Pillow in November 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Mayslake Hall was designed in the Tudor Revival style by Benjamin Marshall from Marshall and Fox, an architectural firm based in Chicago. The country house somewhat resembles Compton Wynyates, a 15th-century manor house in Warwickshire, England. The building&#39;s architectural elements include decorative half-timbering and groups of tall, narrow windows.</p><br>
<p>Mayslake Hall features a library, kitchen, private study, numerous bedrooms and bathrooms, servants quarters, and other rooms. Francis Peabodys private study contains a secret staircase leading to a basement.</p><br>
<p>During years of disrepair, the building suffered significant architectural and structural damage, but is being remediated by a restoration process within Mayslake Hall. The restoration is ongoing and is featured during tours of Mayslake Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Francis Stuyvesant Peabody House is a historical Queen Anne Style residence in Hinsdale, Illinois most notably owned by Francis S. Peabody of Peabody Coal from 1911 to 1921.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The home was built in 1889 and was purchased by Francis Stuyvesant Peabody in 1911. Peabody was the founder of Peabody, Daniels & Company, which bought coal from mines and sold it to Chicago area homes and businesses. In 1903, his company forged a deal with the Chicago Edison Company to be the main supplier of coal for local power plants. Coal demand for these plants skyrocketed, and by 1920, Peabody&#39;s company supplied over 2.3 million tons of coal per year. Peabody was also associated with the Democratic Party and was considered for the Vice President of the United States in 1912. He stepped down as company president in favor of his son Stuyvesant in 1919 and served as chairman of the board until his death in 1922.</p><br>
<p>Peabodys second wife, Mary Gertrude Sullivan, was originally a resident of Hinsdale and was a possible influence on Peabodys decision to reside there. Peabody lived in 15 different houses during his career, but was most associated with his Hinsdale residence. The south side of the home was probably extended while the Peabodys lived there. The Peabodys moved into the Mayslake Peabody Estate in 1921.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is on the southwest corner of Third and Washington Streets in a residential district. The house immediately to the east is thought to be formerly associated with the Peabody property, perhaps a barn or garage. The main facade faces north toward Third Street. The exterior is largely covered in narrow clapboards painted light tan. The two stories of the house are divided on the exterior with a thin line of dark tan molding. It is built on an ashlar limestone foundation, painted off-white. The original house was built in 1889 and consisted of what is now the parlor, tower, front hall, and part of the kitchen, library, and dining room. There were significant additions around 1897, where the southern and western ends of the house were extended. Furthermore, the wood deck was replaced with limestone, a third floor dormer window was added to the tower, a room was added on the second and this floors above the main porch, a porte-cochere was added to the east of the porch, and a new hexagonal porch was added to the northwest corner. A second wave of additions occurred some time between 1909 and 1919 and probably occurred shortly after it was purchased by Peabody. The south side was again extended. Modern additions occurred in 1940 and c. 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Tuthilltown Gristmill is located off Albany Post Road  in Gardiner, New York, United States. It was built in 1788, as the National Register reports, and has been expanded several times since.</p><br>
<p>Until recently it was the oldest continuously operated grist mill in the state. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Around that time it began producing kosher flour for use in baking matzoh. In 2007, its present owners began converting it into a restaurant opening in August, 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The mill property is located at the end of Tuthilltown Road, which follows the west bank of the Shawangunk for a short distance from Albany Post Road just south of its intersection with US 44/NY 55. The stream is to its east, with the neighboring area being a combination of woodlots and fields, and directly adjacent to the first Whiskey Distillery in New York since Prohibition. Tuthilltown Spirits previously owned the Grist Mill, and carries its name. The Erenzo family and Tuthilltown Distillery has recently assumed management responsibilities for the restaurant. Sale of the Grist Mill back to the Erenzo family, is in process and should be completed by September 2014. This will once again return the Tuthilltown property to its full historic size, incorporating the Distillery, the Mill, the Mill race, the dam, and the main house back into one property There are a few other houses on the street.</p><br>
<p>There are several outbuildings on the property. Most are of more recent construction or, if historic, have been modified extensively and no longer retain their historic integrity. The National Register listing includes two contributing properties besides the mill: its dam further up the Shawangunk and the 2,500 ft right-of-way around the mill race between it and the main mill building.</p><br>
<p>The main building is a three-story frame structure on a fieldstone foundation. Its gabled roof has a clerestory monitor. Asbestos siding covers the original clapboard. A shed-roofed one-story addition to the south houses the mill store. Inside most of the original finishes and layout remain. Four runs of millstones are on the first floor, powered by a Leffel turbine. A concrete headrace delivers water to the turbine pit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Selah Tuthill built the mill on the Shawangunk Kill, immediately above the confluence with the Wallkill River, in 1788 when he was 18. The settlement that sprung up around it was the Town of Gardiner&#39;s commercial hub until the construction of the Wallkill Valley Railroad spurred the development of the hamlet of Gardiner.</p><br>
<p>Its original power source was an undershot wheel, later replaced by an overshot wheel. Between 1880 and 1910 much of its modern grinding technology, such as the vertical-shaft turbine drive system, was installed. In 1943 the addition was built, and another addition was incorporated into the mill building as its garage.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>Currently, the Tuthilltown Gristmill is being renovated into while maintaining as much integrity of the original structure as possible.</p><br>
<p>The Ridderzaal  is the main building of the 13th century Binnenhof in The Hague, Netherlands. It is used for the state opening of Parliament on Prinsjesdag, when the Dutch monarch drives to Parliament in the Golden Coach and delivers the speech from the throne. It is also used for official royal receptions, and interparliamentary conferences.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 13th century Floris IV, Count of Holland bought a piece of land next to a small lake to build a house on. The Ridderzaal, the manorial hall of Floris V, grandson of Floris IV, was built on this estate in the 13th century. Over the centuries, the government buildings developed around this lake and incorporated the Ridderzaal. From the early 17th century, the Ridderzaal became an important trading place for booksellers, as Westminster Hall was in London. In later centuries it served a variety of purposes - as a market hall, a promenade, a drill hall, a public record office, a hospital ward, even the offices of the state lottery. It was restored between 1898 and 1904 to serve its present purposes.</p><br>
<p>The Ridderzaal was also the venue for the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference in 1949.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>This 40 x large Gothic hall has magnificent stained glass windows depicting the coats of arms of Dutch towns; particularly fine is the rose window with the arms of the principal noble families of the Netherlands. The heavy timber roof structure with its 18 m has the appearance of an upturned ship. Wooden heads symbolizing eavesdroppers from the higher powers are supposed to deter members of the assembly from lying.</p><br>
<p>The throne in the Ridderzaal was designed by Pierre Cuypers.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tateshina also Suwa Fuji is a complex volcano located on the border of the municipalities of Chino and Tateshina in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.</p><br>
<p>It has an elevation of 2,530 m. This mountain is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Outline</h2><br>
<p>Mount Tateshina is a typical complex volcano. About the origin of the name of this mountain, tate means water-pepper, and shina means steps or high places. So Tateshina is literally a high mountain of water-peppers. The other name of this mountain Suwa Fuji, literally, Mount Fuji of the Suwa region.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tateshina is an important part of Yatsugatake-Chūshin Kōgen Quasi-National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Route</h2><br>
<p>Routes to climb up Mount Tateshina are well-developed. The most popular route is to start from the Nanagome parking lot.</p><br>
<p>Dante&#39;s View is a viewpoint terrace at 1,669 m height, on the north side of Coffin Peak, along the crest of the Black Mountains, overlooking Death Valley. Dante&#39;s View is about 25 km south of Furnace Creek in Death Valley National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Viewpoint</h2><br>
<p>From the Dantes View parking lot, visitors can take several paths, one of which leads to the very brink of the edge, offering a dramatic panoramic view. Another path leads north 320 m to a rest area with picnic tables. The best time to visit Dantes View is in the cooler morning hours, when the sun is in the east. Dante&#39;s View is an excellent venue for night time star viewing with telescopes.</p><br>
<h2>General</h2><br>
<p>Dante&#39;s View provides a panoramic view of the southern Death Valley basin. To the south, the Owlshead Mountains, 30 km away can be seen, and to the north, the Funeral Mountains 50 km distant, are visible beyond Furnace Creek. To the West, across Badwater Basin, the Panamint Range rises dramatically to Telescope Peak. To the east is found the Greenwater Range. On very clear days, the highest and lowest points in the contiguous 48 states of the United States: Mount Whitney 4,421 m high and Badwater -86 m can be seen.</p><br>
<p>A part of the Devil&#39;s Golf Course is to the west-northwest, where it appears like a great sparkling ocean - instead it is solid halite salt. The crust of salt is 1 to 2 m thick and changes form after rain in the winter season dissolves the salt, to be recrystalized as the water evaporates.</p><br>
<p>to the west-northwest, directly under Dante&#39;s View, is the Badwater Basin.</p><br>
<p>west across the Badwater Basin, lies the Panamint Range, with Trail Canyon, Death Valley Canyon and Hanaupah Canyon visible. At the crest of the Panamints, Telescope Peak 3,367 m is 20 km distant.</p><br>
<p>to the south, the Owlshead Mountains.</p><br>
<p>east is seen the Great Basin ranges of Nevada.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Dante&#39;s View is named from Dante Alighieri, who wrote the Divina Commedia (Divine Comedy), in which there are described the nine circles of Hell, the seven terraces of Purgatory and the nine spheres of Paradise.</p><br>
<p>In April 1926, some businessmen of the Pacific Coast Borax Company, informed of the touristic attractiveness of Death Valley, were trying to pick the best view of Death Valley. They had nearly chosen Chloride Cliff in the Funeral Mountains when the Deputy Sheriff of Greenwater, Charlie Brown, carried them from this peak a little distance to the Black Mountains. The group was immediately persuaded and promptly called this point Dante&#39;s View.</p><br>
<h2>Geological</h2><br>
<p>Dante&#39;s View is part of the Black Mountains, a part of Amargosa Range, that was geological Mesozoic volcanoes.</p><br>
<p>These mountains were created when the surface of the earth was being stretched, forming a horst or a pulling force, forming grabens. The crust ruptured because of this force, and as a result, lava erupted and ended up deposited on top of the preceding sedimentary rock.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Dantes View was used as a filming location for the 1977 film Star Wars as the characters overlook the fictional Tatooine spaceport of Mos Eisley (which was added into the scene as a matte painting). view point is Dantes View.</p><br>
<p>The Flaming Mountains or Gaochang Mountains are barren, eroded, red sandstone hills in Tian Shan Mountain range, Xinjiang, China. They lie near the northern rim of the Taklamakan Desert and east of the city of Turpan. Their striking gullies and trenches caused by erosion of the red sandstone bedrock give the mountains a flaming appearance at certain times of the day.</p><br>
<p>The mountains are approximately 100 km long and 5 - wide, crossing the Turpan Depression from east to west. The average height of the Flaming Mountains is 500 m, with some peaks reaching over 800 m. The mountain climate is harsh, and the extremely high summer temperatures make this the hottest spot in China, frequently reaching 50 &deg;C or higher. One of the largest thermometers in China&mdash;a popular tourist spot&mdash;is on display adjacent to the mountain, tracking the surrounding ground temperatures.</p><br>
<p>A number of important palaeontological remains have been found in the area, see e.g. Lianmuqin Formation and Subashi Formation.</p><br>
<h2>Silk route</h2><br>
<p>In ancient times, the merchant traders traversing the Silk Route in southeast Asia avoided the mountains by stopping at oasis towns, such as Gaochang, built on the desert&#39;s rim at the foot of the Flaming Mountains and near an important mountain pass. Oasis towns became respite stops for traveling merchant traders.</p><br>
<p>Buddhist missionaries often accompanied traders on busy international trade routes. During this time trade boomed on the Silk Route. Buddhist monasteries and temples were built in the busy trading centers and in nearby remote mountain spots.</p><br>
<p>The Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves site lies in a gorge under the cliffs of the Flaming Mountains near the pass by Gaochang. It is a complex of seventy Buddhist cave grottoes dating from the 5th to the 9th centuries CE, many with thousands of murals of Buddha.</p><br>
<h2>Literary fame</h2><br>
<p>The Flaming Mountains received their name from a fantasy account of a Buddhist monk, accompanied by a Monkey King with magical powers. The monk runs into a wall of flames on his pilgrimage to India in the popular 16th century novel, Journey to the West, by Ming Dynasty writer, Wu Cheng&#39;en. The novel is an embellished description of the monk Xuanzang who traveled to India in 627 CE to obtain Buddhist scriptures and went through a pass in the Tien Shan after leaving Gaochang.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology</h2><br>
<p>According to the classical novel Journey to the West, the Monkey King created a disturbance in the heavens and knocked over a kiln, causing embers to fall from the sky to the place where the Flaming Mountains are now. In a Uigur legend, a dragon lived in the Tianshan Mountains. Because the dragon ate little children, a Uigur hero slew the dragon and cut it into eight pieces. The dragon&#39;s blood turned into a scarlet mountain of blood and the eight pieces became the eight valleys in the Flaming Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>An unconfirmed land temperature of 152.2 &deg;F was measured in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>The Viola Creamery is a rural building on the National Register of Historic Places in Viola, Minnesota, United States. It was designed by architect Harold Crawford and in built in 1924.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This brick building replaced the previous creamery, a wood-frame building which burned down in the winter of 1923. The creamery produced specialty butter used in restaurants as distant as New York City.</p><br>
<p>In 1947, the last shipment of butter stamped "Viola Creamery Specials" left the creamery destined for Chicago. During World War II, higher demand and competition for refrigerated milk trucks made larger creameries viable. Most smaller specialty creameries were forced to close.</p><br>
<p>Between 1946 and 1961, the creamery was used for various purposes, including a cabinet-making shop and a boat building business.</p><br>
<p>In 1961, the creamery was purchased and used to produce honey, handling every step of the process from hive to jar. This business operated until it was closed down by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Between 1987 and 1998, the creamery remained vacant and slowly deteriorated. Vandals began to destroy the building. Windows were broken out and the 12-foot-tall cupola was stolen from the roof. Because of the gaping hole left behind, hundreds of pigeons took over the second level of the building and mice inhabited the rest.</p><br>
<p>In August 1998, the creamery was purchased by Don Helgerson, a bricklayer by trade. He began to restore the creamery to its original condition and had it placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the creamery was renovated into a fine-dining restaurant, the Viola Creamery Steakhouse, which closed three years later in the winter of 2005.</p><br>
<p>In April 2007, the creamery was purchased and converted into a single-family residential home.</p><br>
<p>Gaineswood is a plantation house in Demopolis, Alabama, United States. The house was completed on the eve of the American Civil War after a construction period of almost twenty years. It is the grandest plantation house ever built in Marengo County and is one of the most significant remaining examples of Greek Revival architecture in Alabama. The house and grounds are currently operated by the Alabama Historical Commission as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Gaineswood was designed and built by General Nathan Bryan Whitfield, beginning in 1843 as an open-hall log dwelling. Whitfield was a cotton planter who had moved from North Carolina to Marengo County, Alabama in 1834. In 1842 Whitfield bought the 480 acre property from George Strother Gaines, younger brother of Edmund P. Gaines.</p><br>
<p>The grounds had been the site of a notable historic event while owned by George Gaines. When Gaines was serving as the US Indian Agent, he is said to have met with the famous chief Pushmataha, of the Choctaw Nation, under an old post oak tree on what would become the Gaineswood estate. They were negotiating the terms of the treaty that would lead to the Choctaw removal to Indian Territory. The tree became known as the Pushmataha Oak.</p><br>
<p>Whitfield first named the estate Marlmont in 1843; he renamed it Gaineswood in 1856 in honor of Gaines. The Whitfield family tradition maintained that Gaines original log house was the nucleus around which Whitfield had the mansion built, and that it was located at the present site of the south entrance hall and office. Gen. Whitfield sold the house to his son, Dr. Bryan Watkins Whitfield, in 1861. The second generation of Whitfields maintained Gaineswood as a residence. Mary Foscue Whitfield inherited the nearby Foscue-Whitfield House in 1861 upon her fathers death and used that as a residence as well. In 1923 the Whitfield family sold Gaineswood. After years of use as a private residence, Gaineswood was purchased in 1966 by the state of Alabama from Dr. J.D. McLeod, for preservation as a house museum.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Gaineswood was completed in its current Greek Revival form in 1861. It is considered to be "Alabama&#39;s finest neoclassical house" Whitfield is known to have designed most of the house from pattern books by James Stuart, Minard Lafever, Nicholas Revett and others. Much of the work on the house was executed by highly skilled artisan slaves.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The exterior has a decorative stucco over brick treatment, intended to simulate ashlar blocks. The exterior features the use of eighteen fluted Doric columns and fourteen plain square pillars to support the three porches, the main portico, and the porte-cochère. The assorted porches surround most of three sides of the structure. Parterre gardens off of the main north portico and south porch are surrounded by low masonry and wood balustrades and feature period-appropriate plantings and marble statuary. A rooftop observation ring with a vasiform balustrade surmounts the house and was used for observing the estate.</p><br>
<p>The estate has three surviving outbuildings: a cook&#39;s house, a garden pavilion with eight fluted Corinthian columns, and a monumental gatehouse that date to the antebellum period. The tripartite entrance gate features massive pillars crowned by large metal finials and elaborate cast iron gates. The gatehouse and gates had to moved closer to the house as the city streets were widened in the 20th century. No slave quarters were preserved, although some may have existed into the early 20th century for use as residences for workers on the plantation.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interior features decorative plasterwork throughout the main floor. The library and the dining room both feature elaborate domed ceilings with central skylights. The hallway features fluted Ionic columns in the main entrance hall with reception rooms to either side, one for each sex.</p><br>
<p>The masters bedroom also features two fluted Ionic columns supporting a cornice that visually divides the room into bedroom and sitting room. The mistress bedroom features a large floor-to-ceiling semicircular bay with curved windows and is fronted by two fluted Corinthian columns. Doors to either side of the bay provide access to the semicircular porch outside. The ballroom features four fluted Corinthian columns and twenty-four fluted Corinthian pilasters, vis-à-vis mirrors, an elaborate plaster cornice, and a coffered ceiling. The second floor is much simpler in decor and contains a boudoir, a nursery, and four large bedrooms.</p><br>
<h2>Whitfield canal</h2><br>
<p>Whitfield directed the digging of a drainage canal 1845 and 1863 to prevent water from overflowing and flooding the plantation. His slaves dug it by hand.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>Gaineswood is on the National Register of Historic Places and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973. The estate is owned by the state of Alabama and is administered by the Alabama Historical Commission. Severe moisture damage to the ceiling and dome in the dining room was corrected under a Save America&#39;s Treasures grant.</p><br>
<p>The Whitfield family has donated or sold much of the original family furniture and some statuary to the Historical Commission to be used in the house. The Burning of the Eliza Battle, painted by Nathan B. Whitfield, still hangs at Gaineswood. He was a witness to the steamboat disaster in 1858.</p><br>
<p>Formerly the Wappingers Falls Village Hall this building now houses the Police Department. It is located at the corner of South Avenue  and East Main Street in the village of Wappingers Falls, Dutchess County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was originally built in 1940 as the village&#39;s new post office, a Works Progress Administration project. President Franklin D. Roosevelt took a personal interest in the project, as he already had with new post offices in other Dutchess County communities. He wanted it to be built of fieldstone in the style of many Dutch colonial houses in the Hudson Valley, and chose the Brewer-Mesier House in the village as the model for its design. R. Stanley Miller, a local architect who had already designed the similar Rhinebeck post office, was assigned the job.</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>In 1989, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It had already been a contributing property to the Wappingers Falls Historic District, added to the Register five years earlier. The USA Postal Service has since had to move to a larger building a few blocks away on East Main. The village moved most of its functions here and built a new wing — clapboard, not stone, but otherwise consistent with the original design — on the rear of the building to house its police department.</p><br>
<h2>Murals</h2><br>
<p>The old post office, now police station contains two Treasury Section of Fine Arts murals by Henry Billings. The paintings by Henry Billings show two views of the town’s waterfall at different points in time. The building itself is walking distance from the actual waterfall. The murals are painted on chestnut panels and fill the triangular space where the ceiling of the building is pitched. The two views, one from 1780 and the other from 1880, face each other from opposite ends of the small building. The 1780 picture was inspired by the diary of the Marquis de Chastellux, who is shown in conversation with Peter Mesier, whose house the post office was modeled after. The 1880 scene was taken from an old painting of the falls when they were a major industrial water power source.</p><br>
<p>Cranmer Park is a Denver city park located in the Hilltop neighborhood off of Colorado Boulevard between East 1st and East 3rd Avenue. It is most famous for a large astronomical sculpture called a sundial, which does double duty as a climbing appliance for children.</p><br>
<p>An inscription at the base describes the axis of the gnomon as elevated 39°43 in the direction of polar north. The stone is perpendicular to the gnomon at 50°17, which makes it parallel to the equator. The south side of the stone is similarly marked for wintertime observation.</p><br>
<p>A polar chart at the base of the sundial describes the zodiac and degrees of the suns position, and how to set a clock based on the gnomons shadow. For winter viewing, the chart continues on the south side of the stone.</p><br>
<h2>History of the Sundial</h2><br>
<p>The current sundial is the second one to exist at this location in the park. The first was donated in 1941 by longtime Manager of Denver Parks George E. Cranmer, for whom the park is named. It was destroyed by vandals who exploded dynamite under it in September 1965. The replacement sundial was installed in March, 1966 after a successful citywide fundraising effort led by the Denver Junior Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>Butte Lake is a lake located in the northeast section of Lassen Volcanic National Park in the USA state of California at an elevation of 6,053 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The irregularly-shaped lake lies at the northern end of Cinder Cone and the Fantastic Lava Beds, which is a complex of lava flows and a cinder cone. Some time in the mid-1770s the lava flow from the Cinder Cone flowed into and around the lake. This formed an underwater lava field. Water from Snag Lake to the south flows through the porous lava field to Butte Lake. Water from Butte Lake drains via Butte Creek, which flows north out of the parkland.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>There is a and ranger station located to the west of the lake. Butte Lake is accessible via an unpaved road which branches off from California Route 44. The unpaved road is subject to seasonal closures.</p><br>
<p>Lee Mission Cemetery is a pioneer cemetery in Salem, Oregon, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lee Mission Cemetery was established in 1842 with the burial of Lucy Thompson Lee, the second wife of Rev. Jason Lee. The cemeterys gate has the date 1838, which is date of death for Anna Maria Pittman Lee, first wife of Jason Lee, and their infant son, who were moved to the cemetery shortly after Lucys burial.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Alanson Beers</p><br>
<p>Erastus Otis Haven</p><br>
<p>Gustavus Hines</p><br>
<p>Hallie Parrish Hinges</p><br>
<p>Anna Maria Pittman Lee</p><br>
<p>Rev. Jason Lee</p><br>
<p>Josiah Lamberson Parrish</p><br>
<p>Jesse Quinn Thornton</p><br>
<p>Alvin F. Waller</p><br>
<p>Edward J. White</p><br>
<p>Bothin Marsh is a half acre  wetlands in Marin County, California. Parts of the wetlands are in Bothin Marsh Open Space Preserve, a regional park.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>The marsh, positioned at the northern arm of Richardson Bay is fed by Mill Creek. Bothin Marsh is situated not far from Triangle Marsh, although the latter is situated on the northern edge of the Tiburon Peninsula. It is likely that Native Americans gathered estuarine resources from Bothin Marsh, as they did from nearby Triangle Marsh.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Jo Julin was instrumental in the preservation of Bothin Marsh in the early 1970s, when developers attempted to drain the marsh in order to begin construction.</p><br>
<p>Today the Bothin Marsh Open Space Preserve provides habitat for hundreds of native bird and wildlife species, including the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse and California clapper rail. It&#39;s also a resting stop for over 400 species of migratory birds traveling on the Pacific Flyway.</p><br>
<p>Rodeo Lagoon is a coastal lagoon located in the Marin Headlands division of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which is in southern Marin County, California. This brackish water body is separated from the Pacific Ocean by a sand bar that forms Rodeo Beach. Rodeo Lagoon stretches approximately 900 meters  by 250 meters , and is about 2 meters  deep at its maximum depth. It covers a surface area of about 15 ha .</p><br>
<h2>Inflows and outflows</h2><br>
<p>Rodeo Lagoon empties into the Pacific Ocean when the water level reaches a high enough level to erode through the sand bar. This high water level usually occurs in the winter months. The outlet channel, shown at left looking southeast towards Rodeo Lagoon, is spanned by a pedestrian bridge that provides access to Rodeo Beach. Like many other coastal lagoons in California, the outlet becomes completely blocked by a sand bar during the dry summer months, resulting in negligible exchange between the lagoon and ocean during that time.</p><br>
<p>The depth, surface area, and volume of the lagoon all vary depending on the configuration of the sand berm (high or low) and rainfall (wet or dry). Depths in the center range from less than 1.5 meters (5 feet) in a dry summer to nearly 3 meters (10 feet) in a wet winter.</p><br>
<p>Tides do not have a significant effect on the circulation of water in Rodeo Lagoon. Instead, the circulation of water in Rodeo Lagoon is driven almost entirely by the wind. Since the Marin Headlands are often quite windy, it is not unusual to see Langmuir circulation form windrows of foam on the surface of the lagoon.</p><br>
<p>Rodeo Lagoon is a brackish water body, with salinities in most of the lagoon ranging from 2 to 10 practical salinity units (psu) over the course of the year. However, water near the bottom of the lagoon is often much saltier, reaching levels as high as 25 psu. The bowl-shaped bathymetry of the lagoon traps this dense, salty water and prevents it from quickly draining back out in the ocean.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Rodeo Lagoon provides habitat to a protected species, the tidewater goby. It also provides habitat to many species of migrating waterfowl. Resident fish include the threespine stickleback and prickly sculpin in addition to the tidewater goby. A family of river otters also makes frequent use of the lagoon, and includes brown pelicans in their summer diet The lagoon is ringed by emergent aquatic vegetation, such as willows and cattail, and has submerged aquatic vegetation like sago pondweed and widgeon grass in the shallow areas. The phytoplankton community includes diatoms, chlorophytes, flagellated protozoa, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Nodularia spumigena. Microcystis sp. and Nodularia sp. are types of toxic cyanobacteria, capable of releasing the toxins microcystin and nodularin into the water.</p><br>
<h2>Eutrophication</h2><br>
<p>The population of phytoplankton described above is extremely high in the summer, a condition known as eutrophication. At times, the algae form a visible surface scum, and their high concentration results in large swings in the dissolved oxygen content of the water, culminating in a depletion of oxygen when the population finally crashes. This annual algae bloom, because of its size and potential toxicity, is considered problematic for water quality and fish survival.</p><br>
<p>Rodeo Lagoon typically suffers from an oxygen deficit or hypoxia in the summer and fall. This deficit is caused by the high oxygen consumption of decaying algae that occurs during that time of year. The large algae population, which withdraws carbon dioxide from the water, also raises the pH to very high levels. The pH is typically greater than 9 throughout the summer algae bloom.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The lagoon is located within the geologically complex Marin Headlands and fills a valley drowned by recent sea level rise following the last glacial period. The bed of the lagoon is covered by viscous black mud that is high in organic content, except at the east and west ends, where non-organic sediment can be found.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rodeo Lagoon was mostly unaltered until the area was developed by the U.S. military into Fort Cronkhite and Fort Barry In 1937, the Army constructed a road crossing at the east of the lagoon, which resulted in a reduction in the lagoon&#39;s size as the area upstream of the crossing gradually turned into a freshwater marsh. The lagoon is now about 80% of its original size.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Recreation is not allowed on or in Rodeo Lagoon because of water quality and wildlife concerns. However, the lagoon and surrounding area is an excellent place for wildlife viewing, particularly birding and watching the playful river otters.</p><br>
<p>Bruit Island  is an island of Malaysia, part of the state of Sarawak. Located in the Rejang Delta, 150 km northwest of Kuching, under Mukah division in Daro district. With a population of around 30,000, it is the second largest island in Malaysia, after Banggi Island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Pulau Bruit lies within the Rejang Delta, with the South China Sea to the north and west, Sarikei to the south and Kuala Matu to the east.The island is separated from the other islands in the Rejang delta and the mainland by the mouth of Batang Paloh ("batang" means river in the local language) on the south and Muara Lassa ( "muara" means mouth of river) on the east.</p><br>
<p>Currently the island is connected to the surrounding mainland and towns by two ferry points; one at the southern end and the other on the eastern side. The southern ferry connects the island by road to Tanjung Manis, a seaport, and Sibu town. The eastern ferry point connects it to Daro town and to Mukah, the divisional administrative centre.</p><br>
<p>A number of fishing villages are located.along the coast, especially on the western side,facing South China Sea and a few others along the rest of the Island&#39;s coast. The villages are usually located at the mouth of small rivers on the island. The two main villages are Kampung Semop and Kg. Bruit ( "kampong" or short form "Kg." means village). Currently a lot of the villages are connected by branch roads joint to the main road roughly traversing the island longitudinally.</p><br>
<p>Belvedere Island  is a rocky island in Marin County, California which was separated by a marsh from the mainland and has now been linked by two spits. Part of the town of Belvedere, California is located on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>There are a variety of flora and fauna represented on Belvedere Island. Presence of herons has been noted for a considerable period of time. Some of the flora are common to nearby Ring Mountain, where a considerable floral biodiversity has been documented. Ring Mountain has also been established to have been a settlement area for early Native American inhabitants of this local area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name Kashow&#39;s Island honors Israel Kashow who lived on the island.</p><br>
<p>The Raccoon Strait is a waterway of the San Francisco Bay between Angel Island and the Tiburon Peninsula, mainland Marin County, California. During the ice ages, when sea levels were considerably lower and San Francisco Bay was a grassy valley, the combined Sacramento-San Joaquin river flowed through what is now Raccoon Strait before flowing through the canyon at the Golden Gate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From Angel Island California State Park in San Francisco Bay. Ref. California State Parks Angel Island.</p><br>
<p>In 1814, the British 26-gun sloop of war, H.M.S. Raccoon, was damaged off the coast of Oregon, but stayed afloat to reach San Francisco Bay. From March 13 to 19th, the ship was repaired on the beach at Ayala Cove on the Northern portion of Angel Island, at the location of the present day ferry boat dock. This event gave the name to the deep-water channel between Tiburon and Angel Island. It is unclear whether the ship was engaged in the War of 1812 or, more likely, protecting British and Canadian fur traders.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and Natural history</h2><br>
<p>The Spanish, the first European power to control the area, established the village of Tiburon on the north side of the body of water and showed the straits on their charts as the Straits of Tiburon. Tiburon is the Spanish word for shark, named for the subspecies of leopard shark native to San Francisco Bay.</p><br>
<p>The mainland of the Tiburon Peninsula is dominated by Ring Mountain, which is endowed with considerable archaeological traces of the early Native Americans, who settled the local area. Ring Mountain is also replete with numerous species of native wildflowers. The mainland point of closest distance to the strait is Point Tiburon, off which the water depth is approximately 15 fathoms.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Stephenson House is a Federal style home built in 1820 in the city of Edwardsville, Illinois, United States. The house was constructed by prominent Edwardsville citizen and Illinois politician Benjamin Stephenson. He died shortly after the home&#39;s completion and the home had 15 subsequent owners, some of whom made major alterations to the original structure. In 1845 the addition of an ell altered the appearance of the house. The last two owners were the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity and the current owner, the city of Edwardsville.</p><br>
<p>In 1999 the city of Edwardsville purchased the home from the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity and in 2001 a restoration project began. The project aimed to restore the house to its authentic 1820s appearance and open the house as a public museum. The house has been the subject of tales of ghostly activity since at least the 1970s, though no recent reports exist. The Stephenson House has prominence for its architecture and for its affiliation with Illinois politics. The building was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Benjamin Stephenson House was originally located on a 172 acre tract of land about two miles (3 km) from the center of Edwardsville, Illinois; at the time along the bluffs above Cahokia Creek. The house, today, is located along South Buchanan Street in Edwardsville, along one of the busiest stretches of Illinois Route 159.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Colonel Benjamin Stephenson purchased the 172 acre tract of land that would become the site of the Stephenson House in 1819. In 1820 he began construction on the original east portion of the house, which, when complete served as his home, office and political headquarters for the remainder of his life. Benjamin Stephenson died in the home on October 10, 1822.</p><br>
<p>On January 29, 1825, while at the Stephenson House for a party, Daniel D. Smith was stabbed to death. Apparently an argument occurred, and Smith was later found in the dining room with a stab wound; as the group was picking him up, he uttered "Winchester" and died. News reports in The Spectator (Edwardsville) indicated that Smith was "killed in an affray" at the Stephenson House. Benjamin&#39;s son, James W. Stephenson, James D. Henry and Palemon Winchester were indicted for the murder. Though all three men were charged with the crime, Stephenson and Henry were released on bond.</p><br>
<p>Winchester was the only defendant who faced trial in the murder. Winchester&#39;s lawyer argued that Smith was guilty of verbal assault against the defendant, and Winchester was found not guilty. In 1828 Stephenson left Edwardsville, moving to Galena in Jo Daviess County where he made his home most of the rest of his life. He was buried at Lusk Memorial Cemetery in Edwardsville.</p><br>
<p>In the years following Benjamin Stephensons death, the house changed owners 15 times. That family occupied the home until at least 1894. Others who owned the house also made alterations including J. Frank Dickman in 1902; other changes were made during the 1940s. Rev. Stephen Weissman, who successfully nominated the house for the USA National Register of Historic Places, purchased the home in 1975. After the nominations acceptance the house was designated an Edwardsville Landmark.</p><br>
<p>In 1982 the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity at Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville (SIUE) bought the house and occupied it until the late 1990s. The city purchased the home in 1999 and the fraternity ended its tenure in what was the first fraternity house at SIUE.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>On May 14, 2001 the city of Edwardsville held a ground breaking ceremony to officially commence a restoration project aimed at returning the house to the most original condition possible. The eventual goal of the project was to furnish the home circa 1820s and open it as a house museum to the public. Initially the project was to be completed by December 2003, but by April 2004 most of the exterior work had been finished with interior plastering and wood floor installation remaining.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in the early Federal style and was originally designed as a two-story rectangular building with four square rooms. The interior and exterior walls are of three course thick brick; the bricks were manufactured on site by Benjamin Stephenson&#39;s indentured servants. The exterior is composed of at least 100,000 bricks, all of which were made on the Stephenson House property. Each of the four rooms, two on the first floor and two on the second floor are 18 foot (5.5 m) by 18 foot (5.5 m) square and contain fireplaces. Five windows grace the second floor, while on the first floor there are four windows and an inset door which opens into the central hallway.</p><br>
<p>On its interior, the Stephenson House, again, has brick walls. The central hallway is 7 feet (2.1 m) wide and stretches in a "Southern manner," from the front to the back of the house. The central hallway contains the homes staircase. The four rooms fireplaces are vented through two chimneys, constructed flush with the north and south end walls. The interior floor were originally of four inch (102 mm) wide pine board and covered with oak during the 1940s. The staircase is made of red cypress and features relatively ornately carved woodwork, all of which is original and cast in Adam style.</p><br>
<p>Behind (west of) the original house was a detached, 20 foot (6.1 m) by 20 foot (6.1 m) kitchen constructed over a fruit cellar. The detached kitchen was torn down when the home underwent extensive remodeling in 1845. During this time period a two-story wing was added to the home. The wing, 20 foot (6.1 m) by 40 foot (12.2 m), altered the homes appearance into an ell pattern. The ell was built of the same brick as the original home, but covered six windows with its construction on the Stephenson Houses west (rear) facade. A 13-foot (4.0 m) wide veranda was attached to the wing&#39;s south side. The entire new addition was cast in the Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The subsequent owner made further alterations to the house in 1902. The owner added a 20-foot (6.1 m) by 12 foot (3.7 m) Victorian front porch, complete with a gable roof and Victorian style wood tracery. He also reversed the home&#39;s staircase and filled in all four original fireplaces. During the 1940s the home underwent further remodeling, in part, to modernize the building. Inside, modern plumbing was added and outside a frame one car garage was attached to the west end of the house. The 1902 porch was torn off the east facade, thus restoring it to its original appearance. In addition, the pillars on the south side of the house were replaced with square designs and a French door was cut into the north facade to open onto a brick terrace.</p><br>
<h2>Purported hauntings</h2><br>
<p>Stories of alleged ghostly phenomena at the Stephenson House date back to at least the 1970s. Speculation about the identity of the purported spirit has centered around Benjamin Stephenson, who died in the house.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Benjamin Stephenson House is the oldest brick house in Edwardsville and considered significant for its architectural beauty, and association with important historic Illinois figures. Architecturally, the house is representative of an era. Most of the house&#39;s importance comes from its association with the family of Benjamin Stephenson. The Stephenson family played a prominent role in Illinois politics. Benjamin Stephenson served as a colonel during the War of 1812 and later held several political offices including USA representative from the Illinois Territory and delegate to the first Illinois constitutional convention. In 1836 the Illinois legislature named Stephenson County, in northern Illinois, after him. One of his sons, James W. Stephenson, also played a prominent role in Illinois politics as the Democratic gubernatorial candidate in 1836.</p><br>
<p>Commonly, and mistakenly, the house is often referred to as the "Edwards House". This is due to the close association of the Stephenson family with that of first Illinois territorial Governor Ninian Edwards. The historical record shows that Benjamin Stephenson and Edwards were close personal friends and political allies. The pair led the Edwardsville Jacksonian Democratic Party and when Edwards house burned he and his family took up residence in the Stephenson House for a time. The Benjamin Stephenson House is the remaining piece of architecture which intertwines the two mens personal stories.</p><br>
<p>For its architectural style and political affiliations the Benjamin Stephenson House was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on May 31, 1980. The Illinois Historic Sites Inventory was ongoing during this period, 1971&ndash;1975, and it also noted the Stephenson House for its architectural and political significance.</p><br>
<p>Main Building is on the Vassar College campus in Poughkeepsie, New York. It was built by James Renwick, Jr. in the Second Empire style in 1861, the second building in the history of what was one of Americas first womens colleges. It is one of the earliest, largest, and most important examples of Second Empire architecture in the United States and is a National Historic Landmark. At the time of its completion, the structure contained the most interior space of any building in the United States, and housed the entire college, including dormitories, libraries, classrooms, and dining halls. Currently, the first and second floors house campus administration while the remaining three  house student rooms.</p><br>
<p>It was taken over by protesters in 1969 and again in 1990.</p><br>
<p>It was named a National Historic Landmark in 1986. The Vassar Observatory, the first building built on the Vassar campus, is also a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Old House is a historic home on State Route 25 in Cutchogue in Suffolk County, New York. It is "notable as one of the most distinguished surviving examples of English domestic architecture in America."</p><br>
<p>The home was built in 1698 in Southold, New York, and was moved in 1661. The House was originally built by John Budd on land East of town near a pond that became known as Budd Pond. His daughter Anna & her husband Benjamin Horton were deeded the house in 1658 as a wedding present. They moved it to its present location at the village of Cutchogue. Parker Wickham (February 28, 1727&ndash;May 22, 1785), famous for being a Loyalist politician during the American Revolution and who was banished from the state of New York under dubious circumstances, owned and lived in the house.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.</p><br>
<p>The house is located on the Cutchogue Village Green, along with the 1840 Old Schoolhouse, the 1704 Wickham Farmhouse, a barn, the Cutchogue New Suffolk Free Library, a 19th-century carriage house, and the Old Burying Ground dating from 1717. The buildings are owned and maintained by the Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council, which gives guided tours in the summer.</p><br>
<p>Round Lake is a lake located in Killaloe, Hagarty and Richards Township, Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada. The Bonnechere River flows into the lake in the northwest and flows out of the lake at the southeast.</p><br>
<p>There are two provincial parks on the lake, Bonnechere Provincial Park on the northwestern shore and Foy Provincial Park on the eastern shore.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1920s Hydro constructed a dam on the Bonnechere River downstream from the lake and upstream from the Tramore bridge at 45&deg;37&prime;13&Prime;N latitude, 77&deg;27&prime;36&Prime;W longitude (opposite side of the lake from Round Lake Resort) and flooded the land around the lake. The edge of the lake before the rise in water level was about 75 yards out from our present shore.</p><br>
<p>Round Lake is the first major lake in the course of the Bonnechere River which begins at Basin Lake in Algonquin Park to the north, and passes through Golden Lake, Eganville, Douglas and Renfrew before emptying into the Ottawa River near Castleford.</p><br>
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<p>Chicabal Lake is a Guatemalan lake sacred to the Mam Mayan people. The lake is located in the municipal boundary of the town of San Martín Sacatepéquez in the department of Quetzaltenango. A crater lake, Laguna de Chicabal was formed in the crater of Volcán Chicabal at an elevation of 2,712 meters . The terrain surrounding the lake is a cloud forest.</p><br>
<p>Chicabal Lake is billed as the center of the Mam-Maya "cosmovision", and Mayan traditionalists still use the several altars on the lake shore. Restrictions are placed on visiting the lake during the early part of May so that Mam people can celebrate their traditional ceremonies without disturbance. Because of its spiritual importance, swimming is prohibited in Chicabal Lake.</p><br>
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